Subjects studied will include biology, biochemistry, anatomy, physiology, immunology, pharmacology and toxicology and clinical medicine. Herbal medicine training also places great emphasis on a sound understanding of nutrition and preventive medicine, as well as of environmental issues relating to herbal practice, such as sustainable and ethical sourcing of plant-based medicines. Student herbalists also undergo extensive clinical training, including  diagnostic skills, in teaching clinics under the supervision of senior practitioners.

Most medical herbalists are members of a professional association such as the National Institute of Medical Herbalists (NIMH) or the College of Practioners of Phytotherapy (CPP). These bodies ensure high standards of training, practice and continuing professional development. As members of bodies such as these, herbal practitioners' activities are regulated and subject to a strict code of ethics. All medical herbalists must be fully insured in order to practice, and plans to put in place statutory regulation of herbalists and herbal medicines are at an advanced stage.